Europe is the most advanced building sanitary ceramics products in today's region, in which Italy and Spain for the construction of the building sanitary ceramics industry leader. The European building sanitary ceramics industry in the realization of automation and mechanization, producing considerable technical strength and development capabilities in the blank and glaze system. Estimated to be ahead of other countries from 20 to 30 years of distance. European building sanitary ceramics industry attaches great importance to the use of advanced glaze technology, has a large number of professional famous strong ceramic glaze and ceramic frit, pigment, which is the theoretical basis and technical guidance for the development of ceramics. Only to keep leading in the basic research of ceramic products from novelty and variety, especially in the study of the most eye-catching ceramic glaze.

European countries use glaze product categories and classification purposes are as follows: 1, lead glaze and lead-free glaze; 2, raw glaze and glaze; 3, burning at a time or two times firing glaze; 4, ceramic tile, ceramic tableware, sanitary and electromagnetic glaze; 5, according to the classification method of penetration glaze the glaze, glaze spraying, pouring the glaze; 6, high temperature and low temperature glaze glaze; 7, high inflation and low expansion glaze glaze; 8, burning atmosphere oxidizing flame, neutral flame and flame reduction; 9, color glaze and colorless, transparent glaze and glaze; 10 opaque glaze; 11, glaze, glaze no, semi glaze or pattern glaze and so on. The above classification emphasizes the complex nature of the glaze and other factors and the mutual relationship between the. Including chemical composition, glaze ingredients, product use, chemical physical properties of porcelain after. Some show the process and glaze appearance, and the future of building sanitary ceramics glaze for development direction. The brief introduction is as follows:

1, lead glaze and lead-free glaze. In the British formula lead glaze production and use, from the source of lead metasilicate lead or lead borosilicate frit. Lead metasilicate typical formula in practical production consists of: (Sergei type) 1 0.10 three two lead, 1.89 aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, alumina oxide weight: 64%, 3%, 33% silicon dioxide. The glaze can produce the lowest solubility. If the increase of the content of alkaline oxide and boron oxide, can lead to increased frit solubility of lead. In countries such as Holland and lead-free solubility limit, they use low melting or high dissolved silicate lead and lead borate frit glaze. The difference between the lead glaze and the lead free glaze is related to the quality of the product. However, at a higher than 1150 degrees, the lead is significantly volatile. And higher than this temperature limit, usually no longer use the lead glaze. The type of lead content of less than 1% of the weight of the lead-free glaze in the uk.

With the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, in recent years the European ceramic industry has gradually shifted all the use of lead-free glaze, lead-free flux and lead-free pigment. Strontium glaze in the replacement of lead glaze showed good results. In addition to the firing range, low sintering temperature and the formation of glaze surface, but also has good wear resistance. Therefore, strontium glaze has become a good lead-free glaze. When it is under glaze color agent when used together, almost can not see the adverse effects on the pigment. But in the same time with chrome tin pink, the glaze must be added a certain calcium oxide, in order to stabilize the tone quality.

2, raw glaze and glaze. Because the European ceramic raw glaze composition does not use frit, so they are only the highest sintering temperature above 1150 degrees. Usually available to do the production of hard porcelain, glass sanitary porcelain, stoneware, and all kinds of electromagnetic low expansion body glaze. Raw glaze contains mineral solvents, such as feldspar or nepheline syenite, plus clay, quartz, dolomite, calcium carbonate, zirconium silicate as raw materials and Zinc Oxide. Low expansion petalite raw glaze also used as fluxing agent. Raw glaze will not have any form of glass phase in firing must be sufficient time to vent gas from the raw material work, glaze melting can obtain smooth and no bubbles. Therefore, a long time than fritted glaze raw glaze firing. The firing temperature below 1150 degrees, it should adopt the frit glaze. In addition to the use of low-temperature fast firing process, need for the glaze frit content increased.

3, once firing glaze and two firing glaze. European ceramics enterprises believe that for the application of glaze products, once firing than the two firing energy saving and more economical, greatly reduce the cost of products, and is conducive to environmental protection. Once firing is very beneficial to high value-added products, such as large sanitary ware, or large insulator. But the main advantage of the two firing is that it is possible to identify and eliminate some defective semi-finished products, and to produce high quality and low cost products. In a sintering process, the glaze and the body are ripe, and the formation of the middle layer of the glaze and the glaze can often increase the strength of the product. Vitrified body is very obvious. In a sintering process, the glaze often contains a binder, which can control the moisture from the glaze slurry evaporation rate, and control the movement of water into the porous slab. Glaze binder to increase the hardness of the dry glaze effect.

4, color glaze and colorless glaze. Building sanitary ceramics products generally use the color glaze decoration, so that it can be used to meet the aesthetic value, improve the added value of the product. And the application of the colorless glaze only in a very small range of products (such as special purpose ceramic tile products). European building sanitary ceramics products, whose color glaze is prepared by using metal oxide pigment. Inorganic compounds of transition metals such as vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper are commonly used pigments. In the chemical composition of the base glaze depends on the effect of color glaze, adding pigment, glaze thickness and uniformity, when firing kiln atmosphere. Such as the introduction of the form of iron oxide is usually red ferric oxide, by the body into the glaze can produce a delicate decorative effect. In the atmosphere when the iron oxidizing flame in ceramic glaze can produce light yellow, honey and brown color.

Can form a bluish gray, green in the reductive atmosphere, blue or black; black glaze cobalt oxide are the most strong coloring agent, when the content is lower than 1%, the formation of bright blue. To melt and join the enamel structure of cobalt in glass enamel matrix; chromium oxide can make some glaze green, and other ingredients in the glaze can be formed in red, yellow, pink or brown; nickel oxide has a wide range of color in the glaze can be formed, brown, green, dark blue glaze. When the glaze containing barium carbonate, it will form a pink and purple red; manganese dioxide can form black in color glaze, but also can form red, pink and brown; alkaline sometimes depends on the composition of glaze, glaze containing high alkali manganese by high temperature burning will produce light blue copper oxide; preparation green glaze, in the oxidizing flame, but in reducing flame becomes red; five of two vanadium can produce brown or yellow, but even in the glaze is present in the increase of the content of the intensity of the yellow. Vanadium and zirconium can be made into vanadium zirconium vanadium zirconium blue and yellow, color stable glaze; in addition, cadmium sulfide and selenium can be made of yellow, orange pigment and red glaze.

5, transparent glaze and opaque glaze. The widespread use of sanitary ceramics glaze opaque building, due to lack of transparent glaze covering, it is difficult to cover up the brick surface unclean, and environmental protection work and requirements as far as possible the use of low quality raw materials for blank, so the use range of transparent glaze becomes more narrow. Glaze opacifying agent used in European ceramic enterprises through Zinc Oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium silicate phosphate, until the process. However, the use of tin oxide as a milky agent, has been high cost, the use of less and less. In the period of the first World War, the United States first reference zircon glaze as opacifying agent, then the British began using zircon instead of tin oxide, reduces the product cost of glaze tile decoration.

But as in the conventional tin oxide glaze in 5%, can produce a bluish white glaze; Zinc Oxide is widely used in zircon glaze, can improve the whiteness and opacity. Sanitary ware products in high-temperature glaze in Zinc Oxide has strong solvent effect, can significantly reduce the viscosity of the glaze, so there are still some use, also can not be completely ruled out; adding titanium oxide glaze, white glaze can be made into high-grade, has been proved to be feasible formula. Effect of phosphorus compounds in the glaze are: one, used as opacifier to glaze opaque; two, increase the rate of light refraction of glaze, glaze add luster. Calcium phosphate, ashes, can appropriate amount of apatite with the glaze, the glaze form a good emulsion and light effect. In addition, lithium ash, such as lithium and other lithium is also a good raw material for milk glaze.

6, luster glaze, semi - matt glaze, glaze and broken glaze. All kinds of glaze for light absorption, and to distinguish, luster glaze semi matte glaze, glaze and crackle glaze varieties. The glaze color glaze are rich in many types, only the development trend of ceramic glaze will gradually turn half light, matt glaze series. No light glaze color element is not much, but the glaze is very rich, has formed kaolin glaze, glaze, alkaline silica matte glaze type. Among them, the main representative of the glaze, the glaze, the glaze, the glaze, the glaze of the glaze and the magnesium. In addition, there are crystalline glaze, Li - Crystal - Crystal - Crystal - type non - light glaze, refractory glaze and other types. Crackle glaze glaze is generated turtle cracks, suitable for decorative tiles, originated in China's porcelain products.